四級(jí)英語語法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)大全？英語四級(jí)語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：時(shí)態(tài)：過去完成時(shí)：表示在過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。將來完成時(shí)：表示在將來某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前將完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，并且該動(dòng)作可能仍在進(jìn)行中。不定式：一般形式：表示與謂語動(dòng)詞同步發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，那么，四級(jí)英語語法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)大全？一起來了解一下吧。
【 #英語口語#導(dǎo)語】英語四六級(jí)口語考試主要考查語法的有兩個(gè)題型：選詞填空和翻譯。以下是 無 整理的英語四六級(jí)口語的語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)，歡迎閱讀！
1.英語四六級(jí)口語的語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
一、虛擬語氣。應(yīng)著重復(fù)習(xí)能引起虛擬語氣的某些介詞、介詞短語和連詞(如lest,incase,otherwise等);一部分表示建議、主張、命令等概念的詞語，由于本身隱含說話人的主觀愿望，其后的主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句往往采用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”。
二、獨(dú)立主格題。一般說來，在句子中沒有連接詞的情況下，逗號(hào)是無力連接兩個(gè)句子的，其中一個(gè)分句要么是非謂語形式，要么是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。兩種結(jié)構(gòu)都做狀語，不同的是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有自己的邏輯主語。
三、時(shí)態(tài)。英語中共有16個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。四級(jí)考試中出現(xiàn)最多的是將來完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
四、名詞性從句。形容詞性的定語從句是考核的重點(diǎn)，用什么引導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)詞前面的介詞形式，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中做什么成分，從句的語序等均有可能成為考點(diǎn)。此外，主語從句、同位語從句、賓語從句也應(yīng)適當(dāng)復(fù)習(xí)。
五、主謂一致。這類考題靈活性大，需要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況判斷謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。
英語四級(jí)語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：
時(shí)態(tài)：
過去完成時(shí)：表示在過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
將來完成時(shí)：表示在將來某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前將完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，并且該動(dòng)作可能仍在進(jìn)行中。
不定式：
一般形式：表示與謂語動(dòng)詞同步發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如“He decided to work harder”。
完成形式：表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前的動(dòng)作，如“He pretended not to have seen me”。
被動(dòng)形式：如“The book is said to have been translated into many languages”。
常考考點(diǎn)：不定式做定語、狀語、充當(dāng)名詞功能，以及不定式的省略。
動(dòng)名詞：
定義：具有動(dòng)作性特征的名詞，如“seeing is believing”。
Ⅰ動(dòng)詞(時(shí)態(tài),語態(tài),用法,省略,一致性等)
時(shí)
1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) (have/has been + -ing 分詞構(gòu)成): 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某時(shí)開始,繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能繼續(xù)下去,也可能剛剛結(jié)束.
I’ve been writing letters for an hour.
I’ve been sitting in the garden.
2)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(由had been + ing分詞構(gòu)成): 過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
I’d been working for some time when he called.
We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
3)將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí): 將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.
By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.
In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.
4)將來完成時(shí)(由shall/will have + 過去分詞構(gòu)成): 將來某時(shí)會(huì)業(yè)已發(fā)生的事.
I shall have finished this one before lunch.
They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.
1. 語態(tài)
1) 可以有兩種被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的類型,例如:
He was said to be jealous of her success.
It was said that he was jealous of her success.
能同時(shí)適用于上述兩個(gè)句型的主動(dòng)詞通常都是表示“估計(jì)”,“相信”等意義的動(dòng)詞,常見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.
It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.
The ship is supposed to have been sunk.
擔(dān)當(dāng)be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時(shí)往往表示不同的意義.例如:
Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你應(yīng)該曉得速度限制)
2) 雙賓語及賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
a) 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語態(tài): 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一個(gè)賓語仍然保留在謂語后面,但多數(shù)是把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z.
He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.
Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.
b) 賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):
She was called Big Sister by everybody.
Then he was made a squad leader.
He was considered quite qualified for the job.
The room was always kept clean and tidy.
2. 短語動(dòng)詞
1) Vi + adv
The plane took off two hours late.
2) Vi + prep
They looked round the Cathedral.
3) Vi + prep (有被動(dòng)語態(tài))
She’s looking after her sister’s children.
The children were always well looked after.
4) Vi + adv + prep
I began to look forward to their visits.
5) Vt + O + adv
Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.
The children were brought up by their mother.
They took him on.
6) Vt + adv + O (無被動(dòng)語態(tài))
I am trying to give up smoking.
7) Vt + O + prep
We talked Donald into agreement.
3. 省略
1) 在以as, than, when, if, unless等引導(dǎo)的從句中的省略: 在有些狀語從句中,如果謂語包含有動(dòng)詞be,主語又和主句的主語一致a),或者主語是it b),就常常可以把從句中的主語和謂語的一部分(特別是動(dòng)詞be)省略掉.
a) Look out for cars when crossing the street.
When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects.
While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project.
Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support.
If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.
Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.
This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong.
Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out.
She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry.
She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.
Fill in the application as instructed.
Whenever known, such facts should be reported.
The documents will be returned as soon as signed.
He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young.
Once having made a promise, you should keep it.
b) If necessary I’ll have the letter duplicated.
Fill in the blanks with articles where(ver) necessary.
If possible, I should like to have two copies of it.
As scheduled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy.
2） 在以than a) 或 as b) 引起的從句中,常會(huì)有一些成分省略.
a) He told me not to use more material than (it is) necessary.
We should think more of the collective than of ourselves.
b) They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people (did).
He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before.
Their training is free, as is all education.
We will, as always, stand on your side.
3） 錯(cuò)誤的省略
His life is as fully committed to books as anyone I know.
While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck the wall beside her.
英語四級(jí)語法知識(shí)：不定冠詞的用法
冠詞是虛詞，本身不能單獨(dú)使用，也沒有詞義，它用在名詞的前面，幫助指明名詞的含義。英語中的冠詞有三種，一種是定冠詞(the Definite Article)，另一種是不定冠詞(the Indefinite Article)，還有一種是零冠詞(Zero Article)。
不定冠詞a (an)與數(shù)詞one 同源，是"一個(gè)"的意思。a用于輔音音素前，一般讀作[e]，而an則用于元音音素前，一般讀做[en]。
1) 表示"一個(gè)"，意為one;指某人或某物，意為a certain。
A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.
2) 代表一類人或物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with.
Mr. Smith is an engineer.
3) 詞組或成語。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden
英語四級(jí)語法知識(shí)：定冠詞的用法
定冠詞the與指示代詞this，that同源，有"那(這)個(gè)"的意思，但較弱，可以和一個(gè)名詞連用，來表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或東西。
英語四級(jí)語法涵蓋了多個(gè)重要方面，包括虛擬語氣、謂語一致、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、時(shí)態(tài)和名詞性從句等。虛擬語氣強(qiáng)調(diào)說話人的主觀愿望和假想情況，考生應(yīng)特別注意能引起虛擬語氣的介詞、介詞短語和連詞，如lest、in case、otherwise等。在would rather、wish、as if、it is time that等句型中，需用適當(dāng)形式表達(dá)主觀愿望，同時(shí)關(guān)注混合虛擬句的使用。
謂語一致方面，靈活度較高，考生需根據(jù)實(shí)際情況判定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。具有生命意義的集合名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞多采用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如people、poultry、militia等。用and連接的成分表示單一概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。就近原則也需掌握，主語中含有某些連詞如as well as、besides、in addition to時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)同第一個(gè)主語保持一致。
倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)用于強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出，分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。部分倒裝和全部倒裝的區(qū)別在于，部分倒裝是將助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移到主語之前，而全部倒裝則是將整個(gè)謂語移到主語之前。as在倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中表示“正如”或“仿佛”，具有連接作用。
非謂語動(dòng)詞是語法考試中的重點(diǎn)，解題時(shí)可從三個(gè)方面入手：根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞同其所修飾的名詞或邏輯主語的一致關(guān)系，確定使用主動(dòng)語態(tài)或被動(dòng)語態(tài)，然后考慮采用現(xiàn)在分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式或過去分詞。
以上就是四級(jí)英語語法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)大全的全部?jī)?nèi)容，英語四級(jí)語法涵蓋了多個(gè)重要方面，包括虛擬語氣、謂語一致、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、時(shí)態(tài)和名詞性從句等。虛擬語氣強(qiáng)調(diào)說話人的主觀愿望和假想情況，考生應(yīng)特別注意能引起虛擬語氣的介詞、介詞短語和連詞，如lest、in case、otherwise等。在would rather、wish、as if、內(nèi)容來源于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，信息真?zhèn)涡枳孕斜鎰e。如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系刪除。
